Informative Speech Presentation About Events - 1084 Words

Speech Title: JACKIE CHAN Topic: Presentation about events Organization: Topical Specific Purpose: I would like my audience to learn more about Jackie Chan I. Introduction: A. Attention Getter: A great man once said in the Karate kid movie, â€Å"Life will knock us down, but we can choose whether or not to stand back up† and his name is Jackie Chan. B. Relevance: There are moments in your life that can be so unpredictable or unfair where you just want to give up, but you don’t. You get back up and tried again, to prove yourself or to whoever that you are able to do it. C. Credibility: I have been in the same situation where I feel like the world is going against me. Although I want to give up at times, I don’t. I work twice as harder and even more determine than I was before and that is who Jackie Chan is. He didn’t give up when he was injured or his stunt move wasn’t exactly the way he wanted it to be. He gets back up and redo and film it until it is perfect. D. Central Idea: Jackie Chan is a well-known, respected actor throughout Asia and also in the U.S. E. Initial Preview: Therefore, to understand more about Jackie Chan we need to learn about his childhood, how he got started to being famous, and where he is today. Transition: First, let’s take a look at his childhood. II. Body: A. Jackie Chan went to a China Drama Academy to do his studies. 1. Chan was not a studious child and all he did was â€Å"spending his travel money on food and fighting with other boysShow MoreRelatedInformative Speech Essay855 Words   |  4 Pagesthe speaker go about it and what type of speech would the speaker choose. Well chapter 13 contents the creative process for informative speaking. What informative speaking is how to choose a focused informative topic, how to conduct a research and informative outline? The chapter also contains how to organize the body, introduction, and conclusion of the informative speech. Lastly chapter 13 contents explain how to prepare to present the speech and evaluate and informative speech. In order to makeRead MoreWarning Label Explanation Speech On The Mirror1386 Words   |  6 PagesWarning Label Explanation Speech Man in the Mirror With this speech I was able to conquer many factors such as letting my words coming out in a voice tone the way I intended it to be. I was able to deliver my main points just like I practiced. I was able to create an outline according to what I expected to deliver to my audience. However, once again I allowed my nervousness to get a little bit of my power and confidence. Because of my anxiety I did not create a true connection with my listeners (classmates)Read MoreInformative Speech Outline2182 Words   |  9 Pageswithout stating to whom these ideas or statements belong to. A student suspected of plagiarism can be given a zero mark, and possibly fail the entire course. Assessment: Impromptu speech 10% Informative speech (15% speech, 5% outline) 20% Show and Tell Poster Session (10% speech, 10% poster) 20% Assignment : Group Interaction 10% Final Examination 40% __________________________________________________________________ Total 100% Read MoreSpeech Communication Learning Objectives1578 Words   |  7 Pageslittle patience for speakers who ramble aimlessly from one idea to another. A well-organized speech will enhance the credibility and make it easier for the audience to understand the message. 2. The tips discussed for preparing main points are: • Keep main points separate. • Try to use the same wording for main points. • Balance the amount of time devoted to main points. 3. The four major types of speech connectives are transitions, internal previews, internal summaries, and signposts. UsingRead MoreToastmasters International Essay1420 Words   |  6 Pagesfor debt free living and he travels from coast to coast spreading the word. Dave has a huge following and those followers pay a small amount of money to spend the week-end listening to Dave speak about life changing steps you can take to be debt free. At first, the idea of listening to someone speak about money, credit cards, retirement, mortgages, investments and any other financial principles sounds monotonous and rather boring. However, when Dave speaks everyone listens. Dave does not look likeRead MoreInformative Speech On Symptoms, Diagnosis, And Treatment Of Generalized Anxiety Disorder1420 Words   |  6 Pages Planning for the Informative Speech with Analysis Speech Topic: To inform my audience of the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of Generalized anxiety disorder Rhetorical Purpose: To inform my audience about . . . Their own mental profile and how to recognize the symptoms so they can help themselves and others around them Audience Analysis: (Refer to chapter on Audience Analysis) (RU Core Goal: a) Summarize Audience demographics, prior exposure/knowledge, common ground/interest, disposition/attitudeRead MoreMy Out Of Class Speaker Critique Assignment1563 Words   |  7 Pagessyndicated comics. The event took place in Sursa Hall inside the Music Instruction Building, and it lasted an hour and half long from 7:00 to 8:30 pm. This lecture occurred on Wednesday, February 15th. In his speech, Mr. Davis talked about his youthful years, the initial challenges he faced, the business strategies he used, and the wild adventure he endured throughout his comical Garfield business adventures. Regarding his desired response from the audience in his speech, Mr. Davis made it overtlyRead MoreThe A Deep Bruise, A Black Eye, And A Bloody Nose1509 Words   |  7 Pageschose for this analysis. In this essay, I will discuss the primary message within the announcement. I will then identify the purpose of the video and to whom this PSA is directed. I will analyze the communicational techniques, as well as the type of speech within the video. Prove how the video is effective and decide its ethicality. Finally, I will conclude with a personal reflection of lessons I have learned. After searching for a Public Service Announcement online, one of the video images caughtRead MoreEssay about Speech Quiz answers2346 Words   |  10 Pageschoices each speaker will make when preparing a speech. – True 15.If Pat is speaking to Chris about terminating their relationship, which type of communication would that interaction fall under? – Interpersonal communication 16.When the audience nods their heads as the speaker presents information, they are providing the speaker with feedback. 17.Misty is presenting a speech in class. Shawn is having trouble listening to Misty because he is worried about a test in his next class. This is an exampleRead MoreFinal Exam Review1463 Words   |  6 Pagesrecent, reliable) Appreciative: beauty of message, speaker eloquence, aesthetics 4. Disruptions to speech process (interference) †¦ know what the external barriers are to listening, and what the internal barriers are to listening †¦ which are the greater barriers (internal or external)? External Barriers: Physical noise, message problems (confusing language/poor organization), presentation problems Internal Barriers (GREATER BARRIERS): Inattentiveness, bad habits, receiver apprehension, trigger

Gangs and Violence in The Prison System Essay - 2007 Words

Gangs and Violence in the Prison System Introduction Gang violence is nationwide and is one of the most prominent problems in the prison system today. Gangs are known to attempt to control the prisons/jails, instill fear within the prison system and throughout the society, and bring negative attention to the system. â€Å"Gang affiliated inmates comprise about 18 percent of the 18000 inmate population.†(Seabrook) A growing numbers of inmates and a large amount of them serving longer sentences for violent crimes suggest a notable increase in gangs and violence in the prison system in the upcoming future. History â€Å"Prisons began to bulge with gang members when states enacted tougher laws for gang-related crime in the mid to late†¦show more content†¦In order to find a solution for the problem the prison system took and is still taking steps such as classifying the gang members and other violent inmates as security threat groups (STG’s). Both prison officials and law enforcement agencies refer to gangs as STG’s rather than â€Å"gangs† in order to take away from the assumptions and exposure that the word â€Å"gang† gets. There are several ways of becoming classified as a security threat group, such as self-admission, known gang tattoos, confiscation of STG paraphernalia, or information provided by an informant acknowledging the inmate as a gang member. All known security threat groups are kept in single inmate cells known as administration segregation to separate them from the rest of the inmate population, in hopes of reducing the amount of commu nication between gang members and the amount violence. One problem with administration segregation is a the amount of available space; the number of inmates classified as a security threat group greatly exceeds the space available thus causing many prisons to keep STG’s in the general inmate population and putting only leaders of the gangs in administration segregation. The simple decision of allowing the security threat groups to remain in the general inmate population increases the probability of violence within the prison tremendously. The prisons have also implemented a graduateShow MoreRelatedPrison Gang Integration And Inmate Violence1400 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The reality of prison gangs cannot be over look. Many inmates join gangs for safety and protection during their incarceration. â€Å"Prison gangs is an organization which operates within prison systems as a self-perpetuating entity, consisting a group of inmates who establishes and organize chain of commands† (Pyrooz Mitchell). They also are governed by an established prison code. Research has shown that prison gangs have effects on non-gang members and the prison system. I will examine ten articlesRead MoreGANG VIOLENCE AND HARSH PENALTIES1465 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Chen March 20 2014 Gang Violence and Harsh Penalties The presence of gang violence has plagued the United States for many years. Although it is more active in some parts of the country than others, gang violence affects every American: either monetarily as a taxpayer or directly as a victim. Regardless, it is a concern of every individual; therefore, the criminal justice system has been addressing it for years in different ways. The approach of emphasizing harsh punishments has been implementedRead MoreGang Violence : Effects On Recidivism Through Rehabilitation Programs1533 Words   |  7 Pages Gang violence: Effects on recidivism through rehabilitation programs The Problem In recent discussions of gang violence in prison, a controversial issue has been whether programs can lower recidivism rates. On the one hand, some argue that Gang violence can not be deterred from this perspective, it is understandable to see where society could see how gangs could be a lost cause. On the other hand, however, others argue that there is a possibility to help change them for the better and it can startRead MoreWhat Are Prison Gangs? Essay1080 Words   |  5 Pages What are Prison gangs? This is a criminal association that is formed in the penal system and operates within the prison system in the United Sates. Prison gangs identify themselves with symbols, tattoos, and calls (by yelling out a chant, phrase, or word/number). Prison gangs go decades back and are still present in the prison system. What is a Prison gang initiation? It’s when current gang members induct a non-gang member into full membership. Ways of initiation include: (1) BeatRead MoreA Report By Mother Jones Reporter Shane Bauer Essay1475 Words   |  6 PagesJones reporter Shane Bauer, who worked as a prison guard for four months to research his article, says that one fifth of prison inmates have been physically assaulted by another prisoner or a guard. Between 3% and 9% of male inmates say they have been sexually assaulted behind bars suggesting that up to 180,000 current inmates may have been sexually assaulted of which only 8,800 cases have been officially reported. Women, who form 7% of the total prison population, have higher figures for sexual victimizationRead MoreShould Prison Gangs Become More Prevalent Inside Our Nation s Prison System? Essay1726 Words   |  7 Pages Prison gangs within the penal system are problematic and a multifaceted issue for several reasons. One reason gangs are so problematic in the penal system is due to the threat they impose on others, including other types of gang-bangers, non-gang affiliated inmates, correctional staff, prison administration, and the overall security of the facility itself. According to research, â€Å"A composite measure of gang misconduct represents the threat that particular gangs pose to prison order† (Gaes, WallaceRead MoreSecurity Threat Groups And Prison Gangs1665 Words   |  7 PagesSecurity threat groups and prison gangs are responsible for a lot of the crimes that occur in prison. Well-organized and highly structured prison gangs who have leaders and influences have been around decades. Gangs in prison can be described as groups whose activities pose a real threat to the safety of the institutional staff and other inmates and also to security of the correctional institution (Beth, 1991). These gangs always have strong leaders and use that leadership role to their advantageRead MoreGang s And Management Challenges Facing Corrections Essay1316 Words   |  6 PagesGang s in the Correctional Setting There are many supervisory and management challenges facing corrections, due to the proliferation of the gang problem, presently within our prisons today. It is critically important for upper management, in the correctional field, to be held as responsible stewards, of the all resources available to them to combat this problem. (Saint Leo University, 2016). These actions are necessary, to deter the increasing glut of criminal activities, which gang behavior inevitablyRead MoreEssay about Rise in Prison Gangs in Canada988 Words   |  4 PagesRise in Prison Gangs Fueling Violence, Drug Trade – Canada – CBC News The article presented on this paper reveals the problem of gangs and gang related violence in our nation’s institutions. Corrections Canada has seen a 44 per cent jump in gang members in federal prisons in the last five years, to 2,040 in 2012 from 1,421 in 2007, according to the documents obtained under access to information. The correctional service constructed a strategic framework for dealing with gangs in 2006, and implementedRead MoreNever In My Life Would I Have Thought About Running And1694 Words   |  7 Pagesnext to the 70 Marijuana plants that I was getting ready to harvest. I thought to myself, â€Å"Oh shit! They found all of my plants and now I either have the option of running out my front door and try to escape the police or go outside and get thrown in prison.† As bad as I wanted to escape I knew it would be impossible to run from any Police Officer. As I was getting up from my couch, I saw 3 Officers walk towards my back door. I rushed over and opened the door. One of the Police Officers asked me if

Optical Camouflage Free Essays

OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE ABSTRACT: The advancement in science is making what we may have thought of as impossible, probable. Humans may become invisible as the extra terrestrials which are considered to be probably invisible. A new technology provides a way to this. We will write a custom essay sample on Optical Camouflage or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this paper a scientific technology that is used to implement this idea is presented. The optical camouflage technology is one of the famous scientific technologies which helps in the invention of a new type of cloak called the invisible cloak. This is one of the big revolutions created in the area of virtual reality. It is just a concept of reflection of light by the cloak. The person who wears this cloak will feel as just what he feels with the ordinary cloaks but the person will be invisible to the outside environment. This is the main advantage of this cloak. There are many other interesting features present in this paper about this cloak. CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION: Chaitanya Institute of Engineering Technology Page 1 OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE Although optical is a term that technically refers to all forms of light, most proposed forms of optical camouflage would only provide invisibility in the visible portion of the spectrum. The research on the concept of invisibility was started in 1977 and was very successfully accomplished in 2003. Initially Professor Tachi from the University of Tokyo said that he had first had the idea of developing something to make objects invisible in 1977. But the imag e was flat and unrealistic. He came up with retro-reflective material which causes the coat to act as a screen and gives a transparent – or invisible – effect. Similarly, Duke University is using microwave beam deflection, making it appear almost as if nothing were there at all. If you’ve seen the movie â€Å"Harry Potter† then you may recognize the idea of an invisibility cloak. CHAPTER 2 : OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE: Optical camouflage is a hypothetical type of active camouflage currently only in a very primitive stage of development. The idea is relatively straightforward: to create the illusion of invisibility by covering an object with something that projects the scene directly behind that Chaitanya Institute of Engineering Technology Page 2 OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE object. Optical camouflage is a kind of active camouflage which completely envelopes the wearer. It displays an image of the scene on the side opposite the viewer on it, so that the viewer can â€Å"see through† the wearer, rendering the wearer invisible. Although optical is a term that technically refers to all forms of light, most proposed forms of optical camouflage would only provide invisibility in the visible portion of the spectrum. Prototype examples and proposed designs of optical camouflage devices range back to the late eighties at least, and the concept began to appear in fiction in the late nineties. CHAPTER 2. 1 : Components of the Optical Camouflage: Optical camouflage doesn’t work by way of magic. It works by taking advantage of something called augmented-reality technology. Augmented-reality systems add computergenerated information to a user’s sensory perceptions. Most augmented-reality systems require that users look through a special viewing apparatus to see a real-world scene enhanced with synthesized graphics. They also require a powerful computer. Optical camouflage requires these things, as well, but it also requires several other components. ? A garment made from highly reflective material A video camera ? A computer ? A projector ? A special, half-silvered mirror called a combiner; which is the viewing screen CHAPTER 2. 2 : The Cloak: Chaitanya Institute of Engineering Technology Page 3 OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE It is made up of retro-reflective material. It has an observer that receives more of the reflected light and therefore sees a brighter reflection. It can be seen far away and outside in bright sunlight. CHAPTER 2. 3 : Other components: †¢ The camera captures the digital video behind the person with the cloak. †¢ The computer synthesizes the graphics and superimposes them on a real-world image. †¢ The projector shines a light beam through an opening controlled by a device called an iris diaphragm. †¢ The combiner (special mirror) is used to both reflect the projected image toward the cloak and let light rays bouncing off the cloak to return to the viewer’s eye. Chaitanya Institute of Engineering Technology Page 4 OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE CHAPTER 3 : CONCEPT OF INVISIBILITY CLOAK: Chaitanya Institute of Engineering Technology Page 5 OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE 1. The cloak that enables optical camouflage to work is made from a special material known as retro-reflective material. 2. A retro-reflective material is covered with thousands and thousands of small beads. When light strikes one of these beads, the light rays bounce back exactly in the same direction from which they came. 3. To understand why this is unique, look at how light reflects off of other types of surfaces. A rough surface creates a diffused reflection because the incident (incoming) light rays get scattered in many different directions. A perfectly smooth surface, like that of a mirror, creates what is known as a specular reflection — a reflection in which incident light rays and reflected light rays form the exact same angle with the mirror surface. In retroreflection, the glass beads act like prisms, bending the light rays by a process known as refraction. This causes the reflected light rays to travel back along the same path as the incident light rays. The result: An observer situated at the light source receives more of the reflected light and therefore sees a brighter reflection. Chaitanya Institute of Engineering Technology Page 6 OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE CHAPTER 4 : WORKING: Chaitanya Institute of Engineering Technology Page 7 OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE Once a person puts on the cloak made with the retro-reflective material, here’s the sequence of events: †¢ A digital video camera captures the scene behind the person wearing the cloak. †¢ The computer processes the captured image and makes the calculations necessary to adjust the still image or video so it will look realistic when it is projected. The projector receives the enhanced image from the computer and shines the image through a pinhole-sized opening onto the combiner. †¢ The silvered half of the mirror, which is completely reflective, bounces the projected image toward the person wearing the cloak. Chaitanya Institute of Engineering Technology Page 8 OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE †¢ The cloak acts like a movie screen, reflecting light directly back to the source, which in this case is the mirr or. †¢ Light rays bouncing off of the cloak pass through the transparent part of the mirror and fall on the user’s eyes. Remember that the light rays bouncing off of the cloak contain the image of the scene that exists behind the person wearing the cloak. †¢ The person wearing the cloak appears invisible because the background scene is being displayed onto the retro-reflective material. At the same time, light rays from the rest of the world are allowed reach the user’s eyes, making it seem as if an invisible person exists in an otherwise normal-looking world. CHAPTER 4. 1 : Key Challenges: †¢ Practicality smaller computer integrated replacement of projector combiner. †¢ Purchase patent or license. †¢ High costs. †¢ Very small cameras and projectors CHAPTER 5 : MUTUAL TELEXISTENCE: Chaitanya Institute of Engineering Technology Page 9 OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE CHAPTER 5. 1 :How mutual telexistence works: Chaitanya Institute of Engineering Technology Page 10 OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE †¢ Human user A is at one location while his telexistence robot A is at another location with human user B. †¢ Human user B is at one location while his telexistence robot B is at another location with human user A. †¢ Both telexistence robots are covered in retro-reflective material so that they act like screens. With video cameras and projectors at each location, the images of the two human users are projected onto their respective robots in the remote locations. †¢ This gives each human the perception that he is working with another human instead of a robot. †¢ Right now, mutual telexistence is science fiction, but it won’t be for long as scientists continue to push the bound aries of the technology. CHAPTER 6 : REAL WORLD APPLICATIONS: Chaitanya Institute of Engineering Technology Page 11 OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE †¢ Doctors performing surgery could use optical camouflage to see through their hands and instruments to the underlying tissue. Providing a view of the outside in windowless rooms is one of the more fanciful applications of the technology, but one that might improve the psychological well-being of people in such environments. †¢ Pilots landing a plane could use this technology to make cockpit floors transparent. This would enable them to see the runway and the landing gear simply by glancing down. †¢ Drivers backing up cars could benefit one day from optical camouflage. A quick glance backward through a transparent rear hatch or tailgate would make it easy to know when to stop. CHAPTER 7 : OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE SEEN IN: ? Ghost in the Shell. ? 2000 video game Deus Ex. Chaitanya Institute of Engineering Technology Page 12 OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE ? 2002 James Bond movie Die Another Day ? Metal Gear Solid and Halo video game series. ? The video game Phantom Crash. ? The Predator movie. CHAPTER 8 : ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES: Chaitanya Institute of Engineering Technology Page 13 OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE ? Optical Camouflage can be used on surgical globes or equipments so they don’t block surgeon’s view during delicate operations. ? In aviation, cockpit floors could become ‘invisible’ to assist pilots during landing. DISADVANTAGES: ? The weak point of this technique is that the observer needs to look through a half-mirror. ? The current system needs a half-mirror and projectors, which were fixed on the ground. CHAPTER 9 : CONCLUSION: Now all of us have had a small tour of the interesting world of optical camouflage. A lot of interesting thing have been done and already we have seen that anyone can be almost invisible Chaitanya Institute of Engineering Technology Page 14 OPTICAL CAMOUFLAGE ith this technology. Though we are still facing challenges with practicality, licensing and high costs the future promises us a lot more. To make an object literally vanish before a person’s eyes, a cloak would have to simultaneously interact with all of the wavelengths, or colours, that make up light. That technology would require much more intricate and tiny meta-material structures, which scientists have yet to devise. Research work is going on and soon we will have even more astonishing results. Chaitanya Institute of Engineering Technology Page 15 How to cite Optical Camouflage, Essay examples

Personal Biography

Question: You need to include in the email a well-structured Personal Biography. The biography should contain an overview of your education, work experience and achievements. Answer: To: mailidoflocallecturer@mail.com [Use your lecturer mail id]From: studentmailid@mail.com [Use your mail id] Subject: Week 2 Participation Activity 1 [Professional Skills for Communication and Information Technology]Respected Sir / Madam, I am a ..[year] student at Central Queen Plan University majoring in [major]. I would appreciate the opportunity to talk with you about Week 2 participation activity 1 related to the coursework, Professional Skills for Communication and Information Technology. I, have done my bachelor degree in EC post which I worked as a web designer for one year. I have very good skills in digital and analog electronics. I have good knowledge about the operations of microprocessor and microcontroller also. I can do the peripheral programming very well. Besides my domain, I have done advanced courses on C, JAVA Script, PHP, HTML, and XML. One year job experience in web designing helped me to develop real world applications. This working course helped me to know about computer security protocols such different types of encryption technique, firewall application and intrusion detection system. From that job, I have not learned only educational courses but also gained knowledge on project management and communication skills. Through the project management skills, I become able to collect data to identify clients requirements. I have created new web pages and web contents also which helped to store customers feedback. All these factors contributed to developing an effective communication platform throughout the organization. After that, I have completed my master degree in an information system. Through this course, I gained knowledge about developing tools and methods to facilitate satisfactory communication for managing IT resources. This course helped me to obtain proper knowledge in response to resource allocations and risk mitigation plans. I have completed my final year project on communication filed. I have done social works in my home country, Australia. Though these social works, I engaged with some NGO organizations. These social works give me the happiness to stand beside someone and to fulfill their needs. Now, I want to obtain professional skills in the information communication technology (ICT) field. As I want to grow my career in a reputed organization, it is very necessarily for me to learn the ICT courses very well. Professional support of ICT courses will help to understand how to emerge organizational goals with the culture of the people. ICT courses are the combination of information technology and communication. Therefore, through this course, I will be able to develop my technical skills with communication expertise. By learning this course, I will become able to implement effective and efficient IT infrastructure inside the organization for advanced business applications. As I have one working experience in Web Designing applications, I can easily adapt the ICT courses and can provide bets busines s services to the customers. Moreover, the ICT course offers several opportunities in various fields such as software programming and engineering, multimedia developments, security analysis and e-marketing process. All these fields will enhance my professional skills to give the best output for organizational benefits. This IT skill will also help to gain leadership skills, opportunities and challenges that contribute to making a satisfying career for me. Under such circumstances, it is my request to incorporate practical applications of the course in audio-video forms with theoretical knowledge, so that the course will be understood in a better way. With this, if you provide all the details of this course such as course fee and starting date of the course, I will be able to manage my schedule according to that. If you kindly consider my application and provide me the chances to learn this course under your guidance, I will be highly obliged to you.Sincerely(Name of the Student) Stu dent number Program of study Bibliography Aslan, A. and Chang, Z.H.U., 2015. Pre-service teachers' perceptions of ICT integration in teacher education in Turkey. TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 14(3).Fuglseth, A.M. and Sreb, ., 2014. The effects of technostress within the context of employee use of ICT. Computers in Human Behavior, 40, pp.161-170.Giannakos, M., Hubwieser, P. and Chrisochoides, N., 2013, March. How students estimate the effects of ICT and programming courses. InProceeding of the 44th ACM technical symposium on Computer science education (pp. 717-722). ACM.Goktas, Y. and Demirel, T., 2012. Blog-enhanced ICT courses: Examining their effects on prospective teachers ICT competencies and perceptions.Computers Education, 58(3), pp.908-917.